Manufacture of paper twine



Dec. 22, 1931'. A. HAYNER 1,837,433

MANUFACTURE OF PAPER TWINE Filed Oct. 24, 1925 3 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. 22,1931. HAYNER 1,837,433

MANUFACTURE OF PAPER TWINE Filed Oct. 24, 1925 s Sheets-Shet 2 72' 37 d211 I M W ,w M 29 J V v I i I 53 v 38 f0 II II :11 1 45 I M Hill 7 Dec.22, 1931. A. HAYNER MANUFACTURE OF PAPER TWINE Filed Oct. 24, 1925 3Sheets-Sheet 3 n //v VE/V m/a' M/// 2% Patented Dec. 22, 1931 UNITEDSTATES PATENT-OFFICE,

ALEx HAYNER, on NEW YORK, N. Y'., ASSIGNOR TO UNITED snon MAcHmEBYconromrIoN, or rArnRsoN; NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION on NEW JERSEY j vMANuFAoTUnEoF rerun TWINE I 3 Application filed October 24, 1925. SerialNo. 64,666.

This invention relates to improvements in methods of manufacturing papertwine and is illustrated herein'as'embodied in an improved methodby'which paper twine having 5 a high duced.

degree of uniformity may' be. pro Paper twine of diflerent sizes'-and'textures has been used in the past on "a large scale for suchpurposes as the nianufacture of imi tation reed furniture and themanufacture of rugs. It is also used for a variety of lesser purposes,for example, as string for'tying packages and for handles for paperbags.

For these purposes ithas not been necessary '15 to produce twinehaving-any great degree of uniformity. Indeed for some purposes, par- 5ticularly for the manufacture of furniture,

a more desirable, because more artistic, result is produced by usingtwine of a more or less irregular diameter and cross-section. Themethods heretofore known and usedin the manufacture of paper ,twine werewell adapted to the manufacture of such a comparatively irregular andnon-uniform prodnet.

It has recently been proposed to use pegs cut from paper twine asdrivenfastenings in the manufacture of boots and shoes. This requires astiff and comparatively hard twine which, for the best results, needstobe much] more uniform in diameter and cross-section than the papertwine heretofore manufactured or capable of manufacture by the methodsheretofore known.

'It is accordingly an object of the present invention to provide animproved method applicable to the making of paper twine of substantiallyuniform diameter and cro$- section.

The paper pegs, referred to above for use in the manufacture of bootsand shoes, are driven through a metal driver passage or throat openingwhich serves to guide the fasnevertheless the size of peg, and of thetwine from which it is cut, to be inserted through a given size ofdriver passage must be subit will bind in the driver passage, will blocktenings as they are driven. While the size of this passage will varyaccording to the sizestantially uniform. The peg should pass freelythrough the driver passage without binding but without capability oflateral play. If it is more than about two-thousandths .002) of an inchlarger than this desired size,

the passage, and will prevent the operation of the machine. On the otherhand, if it is more than about two-thousan'dths (.002) of-an 1nchsmaller than this desired size, it is likely to buckle and cannot bedepended on to drive properly. My improved method illustrated andclaimed herein provides for the manufacture of such substantiallyuniform paper twine.

Paper twine of the harder and stifier varieties has heretofore beenmanufactured by applying sizing to a strip of paper, passing the stripthrough a die, twisting it, and reeling the twine thus produced. Inorder to 7 make the twine of greater uniformity, in accordance with thenovel method-0f my invention I give the paper twine thus produced asupplemental twist the same direction as the original twist while it isstill'moist. This g1ves the'twine a substantially circular cross-sectionof greater uniformity than it has tions one of them may be usedsatisfactorily without the other. After this a supplemental surfacecoating of sizing is applied to the twine still further to stiffen itand to produce a smooth surface, anyexcess of sizing being removed bypassing the twine through a stripper. The twine is then dried and may bereeled or coiled for shipment. The words paper? and glue as used in thisspecification and claims are intended to be taken in their broadersenses. By paper is meant any paper-like substance formed in a sheet ofthe general nature of paper, even though not composed entirely of thecellulose or ligno-cellulose stock from which pa er is' ordinarily made.Similarly the word glue 1 twine Fig. 2 illustrates the twisting andreeling of the paper twine after it passes from the die of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a view on a larger scale of a die through which the paperstrip is passed in Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 4 illustrates the giving of a supplemental twist to the paper twinesubsequent to the twisting illustrated in Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 illustrates the drying of the twine by passing it around a heateddrum;

Fig. 6 illustrates the passing of the dried twine through a second dieto make it more uniform in diameter and cross-section; and

Fig. 7 illustrates the application of a surface coating of sizing to thetwine and the subsequent drying of the twine.

In the manufacture of paper twine as herein disclosed, a strip of tough,strong paper illustrated at 10 is passed through a bath 12 of sizing,for example a good grade of hide glue, being forced beneath the surfaceof the sizing by a roll 14. From the bath of glue the sized strip isguided by a rod or roll 16 toward a spindle or plunger 18 about which,when a new strip is being inserted, it is curled manually. Plunger 18serves to guide the strip to a die 20 (Figs. 1 and 2), and to facilitateits curling, so that it may be passed through the die. Die 20, as shownon a larger scale in Fig. 3, has a passage 22 with a flaring entrance 24devoid of sharp corners so that the moist curled strip will be com actedwithout danger of tearing it. The passage 24 through the die taperssomewhat from the entering end to assist in the compacting of thepartially formed twine.

From die 20 the strip passes, as shown in Fig. 2, to a spool upon whichit is wound, mechanism being provided, however, for twisting thecompressed strip before it is wound upon the spool. As illustrated inFig. 2, a spool 26 is carried on a plate 27 resting on and frictionallycarried by a second plate 28 in turn carried by a base 29.

Base 29 is rigidly connected to a ear member 30 by a hollow shaft 32,the whole being rotated by a gear 34 driven from any suitable source ofpower, for instance through bevel gearing 36. In order to feed the twinetoward spool 26, base 29 carries a pair of small capstans 38 to whichthe twine is guided through hollow shaft 32 and about 0.

pulley 40. From capstans 38 the twine passes about a pulley 42 carriedby base 29, upwardly about an idler 44 carried by a traveler 46reciprocated in any suitable manner and then to spool 26. Capstans 38are carried by shafts 48 upon which are mounted pinions 5O driven from agear 52, the latter being rigid with a second gear 54 meshing with stillanother gear 56. The latter may be driven from any suitable source ofpower and, as illustrated, is driven by bevel gearing 58. Plates 27 and28 are rotated relatively to base 29 by gears 60 carried by shafts 48and meshing with a gem 62 fast to plate 28. The various gears shown aresuch that the twine is fed by the capstans 38 to spool 26 at a speedwhich is at all times insufficient to keep up with the speed of rotation of spool 26 and thus causes spool 26 and plate 27 to sliprelatively to plate 28 by which they are carried. On the other hand, thefrictional engagement of spool 26, plate 27 and plate 28 is sufficientto cause spool 26 to rotate and wind up the twine fed to it by capstans38. Moreover, base 29 rotates at such a velocity relatively to therotation of capstans 38 that the twine is given the desired twist as itis fed along by capstans 38. Obviously the twist may be varied byvarying the ratio of the velocity of rotation of the capstans to thevelocity of rotation of base 29. The most desirable amount of twistingwill depend upon various factors, important among which is the diameterof the twine being manufactured. For example, in the manufacture of ahigh-grade, hard twine of seventy-thousandths (.070) of an inch indiameter, about thirty turns to the foot will be found satisfactory.Speaking generally, from ten to fifty turns to the foot, is about therange which is useful.

The twine thus produced and reeled is of a somewhat variable diameterand cr0ss-section due, for example, to irregularities in the paper stockand to deformation as it is wound upon spool 26. In order to render itmore uniform, it is given a supplemental twist, as illustrated in Fig.4. In that figure the twine is passed from spool 26 through a secondmechanism substantially like that of Fig. 2 except that the gear ratiosare such as to produce a much smaller twist, for example from three tofive or six turns per foot. This has the effect not only of compactingthe twine but of bringing it back to a circular cross section, if it hasbeen deformed by the reeling or otherwise. At the time of the secondtwisting the twine must be mellow and in temper rather than hard. thoughit may be allowed to stand for a few hours or even over night.

In the twisting device illustrated in 2 and 4 the ratio of the gearingis such that the small twist given by the mechanism of Fig. 4 isproduced by disconnecting the drivmore uniform diameter than any whichhas .ing mechanism for the upper gear, numbered 66 in Fig. 4, andsecuring it against rotation. For purposes of convenience the parts inFig. 4, other than the gears 66and 70 and the spool 72 to which thetwine is passed, are given the same reference characters as in Fig. 2for they are, as shown, of identical construction.

After the supplemental twist the twine is passed from the spool 72 (Fig.5) about a drying drum 7 4 suitably heated, for. example by a steam coil76. .The twinev is, as illustrated, passed from drum 74 about an idlerroll 78 back and forth several times and then is wound upon a s 001 80.The twine is guided from spool 22 to drum 74 in any suitable manner, forexample beneath an idler roll 82 and through a traveler 84. The

. twine is thus rendered substantially dry and passes to a reel-88.Next, as shown in Fig. 7

' by passing through a drier 96 illustrated as the twine is passedthrough a bath of sizing 90, for example glue, being forced beneath thesurface of the sizing by a roll 92. Any surplus sizing is removed bypassing the twine through a stripper, illustrated, for example, as a.piece of rubber 94 with a hole therethrough. This stripper is notintended to act as a die and accordingly'is made'of yielding material ofsuch a nature that it will wipe off the surpl sizing without further'compressing the twine. From the bath of sizing 90 the twineis dried, forexample a metal box heated by a steam pipe 98. The twine is passed backand forth through the box and is prevented from gettin into directcontact'with the steam pipe 98 by a baflle plate 100. The driedtwine isthen wound upon a spool 102. If desired, the twine may be passed throughthe sizing bath 90 more than once in orderto deposit a thicker surfacecoating of sizing upon it, being dried after the deposit of eachcoating. I

While the twine, as shown in the accompanying drawings, is wound upon aspool or reel aftef the performance of a number of the steps of theherein disclosed method, it should, be understood that this is largely amatter of convenience and, if desired, the twine may be handled inotherways between the performance of the various steps in its manufacture.

-. By the use of the herein disclosed method paper twine twisted from asingle strand or strip can be manufactured having a much I thesized'strip through a .die and twisting heretofore been made. Prior tothe present invention paper twine had never been made having a' diameteruniform within anyth' less than about ten-thousandths (.010) of an(.002) of an iilch or even less in either direc tion froma-set standard.When manufacturing conditions are good, particularly if the highestgrade of uniformity is not requisite, t e supplemental twisting orthepassing of the twine through the second die may be omitted and a;considerable portion of the benefits of the invention retained. How-,ever, in order to obtain the most uniform product under thevarying-conditions that will be met with in practice, both of thesesteps are desirable. v

Having described the invention, what I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent of the United States is:

1. That improvement in methods of manufacturing paper twine whichcomprises applying sizing to a strip of strong paper, passmgthe sizedstrip through a die and twisting it to form paper twine, and thereaftergiving the moisttwine a supplemental of a much smaller number of turnsto the foot than the. original twist.

2. That improvement in methods of manufacturing paper twine whichcomprises a plying sizing to a strip. of paper, twisting tl ie sizedstrip to form paper twine, exposing the twine to the air till it becomespartly dried,

and 'ving the still somewhat moist twine a supp emental twist of severalturns to the foot in the same direction as the original twist.

3. That improvement in methods of manufacturing paper twine" whichcomprises applying sizing to a strip of paper, passing it between tenand fifty turns to the foot, then,

while the twine is still moist, giving it a separate supplementaltwisting of about three to six turns to the foot.

4. That improvement in methods of manufacturing paper twine whichcomprises applying sizing to a single strip of paper, passing the paperthrough a die and twisting it to form approximately cylindrical twine,substantially drying the twine, and thereafter,

without the incorporation of additional filaments, passing it through asecond'die to ren-' der it more uniform in cross-section.

5. That improvement in methods of manufacturing paper twine whichcomprises ap-' plying sizing to-a single strip of paper, passing thesized strip through a dieaand twist ing it to form paper'twine,and-thereafter giving the twine asupplemental twist of a number of turnstothe foot than the original twist to give it a truly circular crosssection. 7. That improvement in methods of manufacturing paper twinewhich comprises applying sizing to a strip of strong paper, passing thepaper througha die and twisting it to form approximately cylindricaltwine, drying the twine somewhat less thanbone-dry, and thereafterpassing it through a second die'to render it more uniform incross-section.

8. That improvement in methods of manufacturing paper twine whichcomprises ap plying sizing to a strip of paper, passing the stripthrough a die, twisting it to form approximately cylindrical twine,giving the twine a second twist of several turns to the foot in the samedirection as the original twist, substantially drying the twine, andpassing it through a s'econddie.

9. That improvement in methods of manufacturing paper twine whichcomprises applying sizing to a strip of paper, passing the strip througha die, twisting it to form approximately cylindrical. twine, giving thetwine a second twist of a smaller number of turns to the foot than theoriginal twist in the same direction as the original twist,substantially drying the twine, and passing it through a second die.

10. That improvement in methods of manufacturing paper twine whichcomprises applying sizing to a strip of paper, then passing the stripthrough a die and twisting it to form an approximately cylindricaltwine,

- thereafter while the twine is still somewhat moist giving it asupplemental twist of a substantially smaller number of turns per unitof length than the original twist in the same direction as the originaltwist, then substantially drying the twine and passing the substantiallydried twine through a second die.

11. That improvement in methods of manufacturing twine which comprisesapplying sizing to a paper strip, passing the strip through a die andtwisting it to form approx1- mately cylindrical twine, partially dryingthe twine, giving the twine a supplemental twist in the same directionas the original twist to render it more compact and to give it a moreuniform cross-section, substantially drying the twine, applying asurface coating of sizing, and again drying the twine.

12. That improvement in methods of manufacturing paper twine whichcomprises applying sizing to a strip of strong paper, passing the sizedstrip through a die, twisting it to form paper twine, and, after thepassage of sufiicient time to permit the evaporation of a substantialportion of the liquid which the twine acquired from the sizing, givingthe moist twine a substantial twist of a much smaller number of turns tothe foot than the original twist, thereby bringing back to a truecylindrical form such portions of the twine as may have been distorted.

13. That improvement in methods of manufacturing paper twine whichcomprises passing a strip of strong paper through a bath of glue,twisting the strip to form paper twine, and, after the passage ofsuflicient time to permit evaporation of a substantial proportion of thewater which the twine picked up in the glue bath, giving the moist twinea supplemental twist of a few turns to the foot in the same direction asthe original twist, thereby bringing back to a true cylindrical formsuch portions of the twine as may have been distorted.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification.

ALEX HAYNER.

